华人松年研究: 芝加哥华裔老人健康状态令人担忧

春春

【芝加哥侨学网报道】为期两年、共有大芝加哥地区3000多位华裔老人参与“华人松年研究” (Pine Study)， 4月8日在华人咨询服务处公布研究结果：约25%的华裔老人家无医疗保险，高血压、高胆固醇、关节炎为最常见慢性病，26%感觉孤单；24%表示曾受虐待；90%老人家希望儿女孝顺。此项研究报告显示华裔老人文化适应程度低、经济困难、缺少社会支持。


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“华人松年研究”调研负责人董新奇医生（左一）及研讨嘉宾，回答有关此项研究的提问


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华谘处总裁黄罗瑞雄发言，感谢华裔社区机构的积极参与


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Rush University 医生董新奇介绍研究结果，董新奇指出，众多社会学研究往往将华人简单归入亚裔（Asian），但这次的华人松年研究，则是专门针对华人群体

华人松年研究是由“华人老龄健康和政策研究中心”从2011年到2013年在大芝加哥地区进行的研究项目，共有3018位60岁到105岁的华裔老人接受调查人员面对面的访谈，访谈调查回复率高达91%。“华人老龄健康和政策研究中心”是由罗许大学（Rush University）、西北大学、华人咨询服务处、美中亚裔健康协会（MAHA）等社区机构联合成立。

此项研究堪称西方国家中针对华裔老人的最大规模研究，研究揭示了华裔老人面临的身体、心理及社会的多重压力。华人松年研究主办方4月8日在华咨处举办新闻发布会，公布研究结果，并呼吁针对华裔老人的更多家庭、社区支持，更完善的医疗服务。

本次研究的领导者，罗许大学老龄健康研究院董新奇医生当天作主讲报告，概述研究结果。包括伊州联邦国会议员丹尼戴维斯（Danny Davis），伊州老人事务厅主任霍顿博士（John Holton）, 芝加哥公共卫生局局长寇奇（Bechara Choucair）,25区区长代表斯蒂夫等嘉宾出席了当天的新闻发布会。董新奇医生，伊州州长亚裔代表马静仪、伊州老人事务厅政策咨询顾问卡罗（Carole Schwarz）、华咨处总监黄苏振恩还参加了小组讨论，并回答了与会者问题。


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伊州老人事务厅主任霍顿博士（John Holton）认为，华人松年研究是目前美国规模最大的、专门针对华人老人的健康研究


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伊州州长亚裔助理马静仪作为研讨嘉宾发言


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芝加哥公共卫生局局长 Bechara Choucair 指出，华人松年研究的结果，对市政府制定公共健康政策有非常重要的意义


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新闻发布会现场


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新闻发布会现场


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新闻发布会现场

据研究结果，24%的华裔老人没有医疗保险，是全美平均水平的5倍，中医的使用仍未普遍，76%的老人在过去一年中接受传统中医治疗。在身体健康方面，与全美老人健康状态相比，华裔老人有想死或更高比例的慢性病，其中高血压（56%）、高胆固醇（49%），关节炎（39%）最为常见。51%的华人老人在独立生活方面存在障碍。

在心理健康方面，华裔老人也面临沉重负担，74%感受生活的压力，66%存在精神焦虑，55%有忧郁症症状，46%对生活失去希望，26%感觉孤单。华裔老人有自杀想法以及自杀尝试的必烈也相对较高，其中3.7%的华裔老人在过去一年有自杀的想法，高出全美2.3%的水平；9.4%的老人在一生中有过自杀的想法；0.2% 的华裔老人在过去一年中曾尝试自杀，0.9%则在一生中曾经尝试过自杀。

研究显示，老人虐待问题也值得关注：24% 的受访老人家表示曾受虐待，心理虐待（10%），经济剥夺（10%）最为常见。32%的受害者在60岁前曾遭受过家庭暴力或儿童虐待。在社交方面，研究显示华裔老人的社交网络以家人为中心，71%有四个以上的亲近家庭成员，14%的受访者表示没有朋友，90%的老人家仰赖家人的支持；华裔老人对子女孝道的期望很高，90%的受访者期望情感关怀方面的孝道，只有43%期望获得物质方面的孝道。

值得一提的是，与心理方面的负面结果相反，受访者对社区的归属感很高，87%的老人认为他们所在的社区是可以生活的好地方，82%的老人家表示有家的感觉。针对这一反差，美中亚裔健康协会主任刘红博士认为，可能是调查时候没有问及老人家是否其它更好的养老地选择。

研究机构感谢苹果阁、芝音大厦、乐宜居、喜来乐等芝加哥中国城地区老人院，以及中华会馆、华人互助会、东南亚中心等众多市内社区机构的支持。

值得指出的是，在美华人群体存在多元化特征，郊区华人群体，与市区中国城区域的华人群体，普遍在教育程度、收入水平等方面存在很大差别。研究报告中没有提及接受调查的3000多名华裔老人的居住地域分布情况，3000多名华裔老人是否为随机抽样调查样本也未有交待，因此研究数据及结果能在多大程度上代表大芝加哥地区华裔老人群体的特征，尚未可知。 （图文：芝加哥侨学网）
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