一文读懂 加拿大教育制度总结（干货）

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加拿大各省的教育制度大不相同让人有些迷糊，今天小编就来总结有关加拿大的教育制度、公私立学校的优缺点、适合对象等内容。
教育制度简述：

对于教育制度，以安省为例，官方文件中都将1~8年级命名为elementary school，直译为小学。官方即省教育部的文件中只对年级做两个划分Elementary (Grades 1-8) 和Secondary (Grades 9-12, 也叫 High School)。
但是学校种类上，仍有ElementarySchool/Middle School/High School，有些Elementary School只有1-6年级（或者1-5年级），之后学生转入Middle School上7-8年级（也有些Middle School设6-7-8年级），毕业后再转入High School上9-12年级。也有一些Elementary School设有1-8年级，学生到6年级后不用转校。
以上的学校在官方上都属于Elementary School，如果要对应国内，安省的Elementary School类似小学+初中，high School 类似高中。高中开始就可以自己选课，课业也更重。

一、 义务教育阶段
加拿大多采用12年制义务教育。5至18岁（从小学到离中）的儿童享有免费接受教育的权利。这项义务教育，通过2个级别的学校来完成：一是Primary School，即小学；二是High School，即高中。“Primary School”，虽然被加拿大人习惯地称为小学，但在中国人看来，它却包含了3个层次的教育，即“Kindergarten、Elementary and Secondary”；入学的第一年，叫“Kindergarten”，既“学前班”；从入学第2年至第7年的6年间，既小学阶段；从第8年至第10年的3年间，既初中阶段；也就是说，加拿大的孩子们要在“小学”中读满10年，然后进入“High School”（高中）学习3年，此后便可选择专业院校和大学继续深造。
加拿大的小学，分公立和私立两种。通常人们认为，公立学校不如私立学校的教学水平高，而且，私立学校多具有宗教背景，从私立学校走出的学生，个人行为更加规范。
公私立学校优缺点见下图：

安省中学、卑诗省中学毕业要求见下图：

二、 高等教育阶段
加拿大约有全日制大学70所。由于加拿大有英、法两种官方语言，故在大学教育上分为以英语教学、以法语教学及以英法两种语言混合教学3类学校。在加拿大的大学中70%是以英语教学的。
在加拿大上大学，是一定要收取学费的，各校的收费标准不同。每年的学费大约1200至5800加币，而这笔学费仅占大学生总消费的25%至35%，书本费，生活费等开支还占有相当大的份额。加拿大高等院校的奖学金有两种，一种是Schoolarship和Bursary，成绩优异、有竞争实力的学生可直接向校方申请，不需要承担教育，实验室或研究工作便能获取；另一种是Assistantship和Fellowship，这类奖学金是申请者通过做一些教学、实验和科研等荏和能获取的。拿不到奖学金的同学会向政府有关部门申请“助学贷款”，毕业后有了收入再偿还。
加拿大最著名的综合类大学有8所：多伦多大学、滑铁卢大学、卡尔顿大学、麦吉尔大学、麦克马斯特大学、王后大学、西安大略大学，加拿大的医科、商科、财会、生物工程等很多专业在国际排名中均有口碑。

三、 职业教育与成人教育阶段
加拿大是一个十分注重技术及生存技能的国家，从它的小学教育一直到高等教育、成人教育，始终贯穿着“实用技能训练”的要旨。加拿大除了全日制大学外，还有约250多所不授学位的社区学院。
高中十年级的时候会进行英语统考，类似于高考，之后选择大学、大专或者就业。职业教育与成人教育课程侧重于工艺美术、工科、商科和其它职业培训，门类齐全，2年内完成学业；课程设置的最大特点是贴近社会，与就业市场需求相联系。在这些学校读书的学生，课业达到一定要求后，也可直接转入全日制大学。
在成人教育方面，加拿大有一个机构，叫：“公开成人教育中心”既“OLA”。这个机构通过各类媒体提供各种课程，如高中、职业训练、英语及学术课程等。因为加拿大只承认本国学楞，故大部分成人新移民不管有多强的专业文凭，都面临在加拿大接受再教育的过程。如果想让你过去的文凭具有参改价值，必须接受加拿大相关机构的评估。而“OLA”下属的“国际文凭审核服务处”，简称“ICES”，就为求职人士提供评核外国专科以上学校证书的服务，收费一般在150—200加币之间。
总结：加拿大留学生新趋势
1、2015 年 2 月加拿大使馆全面实行多次往返签证之后，加拿大中学申请量大幅增加，低龄化留学趋势明显。
2、加币汇率暴跌，使得去加拿大读中学的全部花费为12 万一年，费用创新低，甚至低于有些国际中学。
3、更多家庭将多伦多作为低龄留学首选城市，私立国际中学的申请人数减少。
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