了解美国买房常识问答之一

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问：什么是房产交易税(Realty Transfer or Realty Transfer Tax)？
答：房产交易税是为房地产产权交易特权而支付的税额。根据你所在州不同，交易税的征收方式迥异。如新泽西州，通常卖方只需付州税而在纽约市，除州税外，还需付市税。在纽约，如果你有贷款(Mortgage)，买方还需付Mortgage Tax(贷款税)。
问：什么是房产税(real Estate Tax or Property Tax)？
答：房产税顾名思义是房产屋主每年向当地市政府交纳的税种。房地产税一般按年计，房价越贵，房产税越高。一般讲，房地产税是用于市政丶县郡丶学区丶社区大学及其它政府机构。房地产税属联邦个人所得报税扣税项目，也可用于抵扣州所得税扣税项目，但各州规定不一。
问：买房时，我怎么查明房产税？
答：卖方一般应告知房屋近一年或几年来的房产税，这通常列在卖方经纪上市单上(MLS)。如没有，买方律师可通过市政府税务部门查询。产权调查报告也能较准确地显示地税征收。值得注意的是有的市镇是在房产易手时重新估价征收地税。有的市镇是每3到4年调整地税。因此，作为买主，应提前查清，并理解你将来到底付多少地税，这对你考虑是否应购买此屋亦有帮助。
问：如果市镇地税估价都高于我的买价，怎么办？
答：你可以根据你的买价来上诉(Appeal)，到估价委 员会(The Assessor’s Board)。上诉时，你必须证明你的买价是合理市场价格(Fair market Value)而不是从亲戚手上廉价购得。
问：买房后，有哪些费用项目可以抵扣联邦所得税？
答：房地产税和一百万美元贷款的利益可以用于抵扣联邦所得税。此外，第二个贷款(通常是Home Equity Loan)不超过10万美元贷款的利息亦可抵扣所得税。但注意的是两个贷款总额不能超过房屋合理市场价值。
另外，只有在报税时采用单项扣减（Itemized Deduction）的报税方式时，才能扣减房产税和贷款利息，新房屋购买者还可以扣减点数费用（Points）。房屋重新贷款者不可扣减这类费用。房屋交易中德其他费用，如房产交易税丶律师费丶登记费及贷款公司的信用报告费，估价费等均属不可抵扣费用。
问：卖房时，需交联邦资本增值税（Capital Gain Tax）
答：如果你在过去5年内在该房屋住满两年，你卖房利润低于25万美元(夫妻俩共50万美元)，部分元需 交纳资本增值税。
但这并不适用投资房（Investment Property）和渡假房（Vocation Home）。对于两用房（Duplex），用于卖方自己主要居所的单元（Primary Residence）可享受这一优惠，但对于出租的单元则需申报资本增值税。

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