几种汽车维修技术全攻略

donghai

一丶开车就要学会修车要学会自己找“故障”
汽车在使用过程中，难免要发生故障。对于经验丰富的老驾驶员来说，通常能“一步到位”找到问题所在。而大多数人面对故障常会束手无策。现在来学着自己找找故障吧。
车辆故障大致可分为三部分：一是电路故障；二是油路故障；三是行驶系统故障，如转向丶制动丶传动部分等。
其中，电路故障又分为高压电路和低压电路故障。在实际使用中，车辆的故障约有60%是电路故障，30%在油路方面，这些故障大部分自己能排除。只有10%左右是行驶系统故障，这些故障属于机械故障，发生时车辆大多还能行驶，应就近去特约维修站修理。
当你在行驶中发生故障时，一不要着急，二不忙动手，先看看有关故障指示灯的情况反映。静下心来，分析一下故障的现象，多问几个为什么？判断丶区分油电路故障的方法有两个：一是行驶途中是突然熄火还是慢慢熄火，突然熄火大多为电路故障；而慢慢熄火，或者车辆不断发生“蹿动”现象，大多是油路故障。二是“试火”，如没有中央高压火丶分缸火，则是电路故障，如有高压火，问题则在油路。而机械故障大多伴有不正常的声音，声音随车速快慢而变化，停车时声音消失，与油电路故障没有直接关系。
用“逐段否定法”，将“焦点”锁定在一个特定的地方，先弄明白是属于哪一类故障，有针对性地先查看外部是否异常。如电线有否断路丶短路，连接部位有否松动；发动机里有无电线的烧糊味，油路管道有否漏油等等。
值得提醒的是，现在的新车大多是“电喷”车，是电子控制燃烧，故障较少，与老的化油器车故障概率恰好相反。需要记住的是，电喷车如电路发生故障，往往需要专用电脑检测仪检测，驾驶员切忌自己动手，以免破坏电路程序。
二丶积碳清洗很重要汽车积炭预防技巧解析
1丶使用清洁汽油
汽油中的杂质是形成积碳的主要成分，所以清洁度高的汽油形成积碳的趋势就弱一些。但是要注意高标号并不等于高质量，标号只代表油的辛烷值，并不能代表品质和清洁程度。
一些车主为了保证汽油的清洁度，会采用在汽油里添加汽油清洁剂的做法。这样可有效地防止在金属表面形成积碳结层，并能逐渐活化原有的积碳颗粒并慢慢去除，从而保护发动机免受伤害。不过汽油清洁剂的添加一定要慎重，如果加入了伪劣的产品会得到相反的效果。
2丶不要长时间怠速行驶
怠速时间长，发动机达到正常温度所需的时间也就变长，汽油被喷到气门背面后蒸发的速度就慢，积碳也由此而生。同时经常怠速行驶，进入发动机的空气流量也就小，这样对积碳的冲刷作用变得也很弱，会促进积碳的沉积。
3丶注意熄火时机
对于装有涡轮增压器的汽车，在高速行驶或是爬坡后不要马上熄火，在怠速运转10分钟后再熄火，装有涡轮增压器的汽车其形成积碳的速度比一般自然吸气式的汽车要快数倍。
建议有车族在常规保养都满足的条件下每2万至4万公里时做一下进气系统的免拆清洗，也就是在发动机不解体的前提下用专用设备专用方法对车辆的进气道丶气门丶油路等容易形成积碳的部位进行清积碳的操作。
三丶自己动手DIY修理汽车五大巧招
许多车主都有过修车被“黑”的经历，除了钱财受损外，宝贵的业余时间往往也全搭在了修车上，以下5个方面是教您如何自己动手DIY做修理，即省钱也能找到不少乐趣。
●小修自己动手
对于换个空滤丶安个灯泡这样的小活完全没必要上4S店，光排队就得等个把小时，还得搭上高额的工时费，有那时间自己都弄完了。所以像这种初级的汽车知识，早就应该给自己补习一下。像刹车灯泡这类零件属于损耗品，只要您细心研究一下爱车尾灯的简单构造，就可以到街边花5块钱买个灯泡，然后自己动手给爱车换上。
●保养到快修中心
一般的家用汽车每行驶5000公里都要进行机油丶机滤的更换，如果次次都到4S店更换，费时丶费力，还费钱。所以对于这类没什么技术含量的活完全可以放心地交给社区快修店打理。如果对小店提供的机油等原材料不够放心，那您可以到4S店买瓶机油，然后去快修店花上10分钟解决问题。这样的话最多也就支付20元钱的工费，还能免费得到修理工对底盘丶轮胎的细致检查。
●疑难杂症到4S店诊断
现在的汽车都装配了复杂的电子系统和精密的机械元件，在遇有较大故障时，绝对不是路边摊或汽配城所能解决的。而现在的4S店为了拉拢客户，基本上故障检测都是免费的，所以您可以多跑几家4S店先检测一下故障根源，如果几家店给出的答案都一致，那就基本可以判定问题的所在了。不过这时您还不用急着掏钱修。如果维修的工艺不算复杂，那您可以从4S店内买配件，然后到汽配城内找修理工更换。
●大修仍需专业人员
汽车属于精密机器，小故障还可以指望那些“游击队”，但如果真是遇到了较大的故障，那您还得去专业的4S店。也就是对于涉及发动机丶变速箱丶底盘丶电脑等部件的维修，一定要选择4S店修理。
●不用盲从原厂配件
以某德系车为例，进气头段的空滤外塑料盒在4S店要200多元钱，而汽配城80元钱一个的副厂件满街都是，质量也不差。像塑料件，即使副厂的不如原厂耐用，也不至于让你的车马上抛锚，大不了花80元钱再换一个；空滤的塑料盒并不属于汽车的核心机构，如果有问题也不至于对爱车造成永久伤害；而像刹车片丶油管丶皮带等这些关键部件绝对不能用副厂的，因为副厂配件的质量毕竟不可靠，如果这些关键部位出了问题，那可就是省小钱吃大亏了。





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